BIO slide show??

Does anyone know what the bio slide show is? I just got the email from Margie that our marks are up, but I dont know what the slide show is? It is our oral path exam??

Confused

Acacsia

PASS SESSION TRUE AND FALSE

One of the pass session activities had true and false sample questions, and I think I found an error (unless it was just a typo from me). With the question: 

"Systemic conditioning factors can cause chronic gingivitis"

The answer is false, on my marked piece of paper it had true placed into the box (and confirmed with a red tick from marking it correct). I don't know if this was just my error I placed on the paper, or if the PASS leaders stated the answer was true. Systemic conditions modify the response to plaque of the gingival tissues, but don't cause chronic gingivitis directly. I just thought I better say something just in case everyone had written true on their answer paper like I did!

Lots of love

Acacsia   

And Another question!

During perio does the inflammation from the gingivial tissues go through the transeptal fibers to cause bone loss? We read in the book (pg 69 for those who are interested) that "bacteria may invade the epithelium, but bacterial invasion of the underlying connective tissue is NOT a feature of gingivitis or periodontitis". Does this mean that when bone loss occurs the inflammation does not go through the transeptal fibers (which are connective tissue) in towards to alveolar bone, but just sit on top of the fibres causing resorption underneath? OR does the inflammation go through the transeptal fibred causing destruction of hte alveolar bone beneath the fibres?

Thanks

Hey Guys,

Amy and I have a question which would be great if you could answer. We're unsure whether or not cytokines control biofilm acitivity, host cells activites or both? And why? We understand that cytokines are chemical messengers which control cell acitivites in the host response - BUT do they penetrate the biofilm and alter the activity of the biofilm or do they just alter the host response to the biofilm?

Thanks
Nikki

Can anyone answer Rachel's questions???

1. Macrophages are bone resorbing cells- i'm thinking true because macrophages
produce pro-inflamm cytokines that resorb bone but unsure if they resorb bone
themselves?

2. LPS is a cytokine- i'm thinking false, they are part of the cell wall of
gram -ve bacteria that stimulate macrophages to produce cytokines but once
again a little unsure.

3. localised periodontitis is treated with azithromycin- unsure about this one
cause if it is chronic then the answer would be false but if it is an agressive
form it could be true with additional perio therapy of course??

4. Is the JE the same as the epithelial attachment? - False, it is apart of it
(the part that attaches to the tooth) but it is not the same??

Lastly the wording of this question really confuses me- is there a linear
association between localised bone loss and tooth mobility? True?

Does smoking change the bacterial flora in subgingival biofilm? Explain.

What is the percentage of the population that is affected by gingivitis?

Hey Guys,

I have question: It can find that approx 80% of the population is affected by chronic gingivitis, but what % of the population is affected by chronic periodontitis? I couldnt find it in my epidemiology chapter of our books.

Thanks

CP II OH exam

CP II OH exam: is just on dental therapy/paedo lectures.

Hygiene exam is the actual perio exam!!!

Ok here it goes then consider:

What causes localised periodontal lesions?

Bring on the questions!

Thanks Sophie for the true answers! Those questions really make you think! Bring on more!!

Second discussion question

Does perio probing disrupt the epithelial attachment?
Why or why not?

First perio question to consider

Does bruxing increase tooth mobility? Please explain your reasoning behind your answer.

Morphogenesis to Perio review Blog

Dear All

Lets use this space as our perio review blog to share some of our questions and clarify any misconceptions, in preparation for the exam.

Have you all had a chance to read t he article that Nicole sent you all? If not, please do so, it will answer all the questions you have on the Junctional Epithelium. This article has all you need to know on the Junctional Epithelium including your question Amy.... What is the internal lamina actually made out of.. now we know how it actually sticks to the tooth!!

Ok I will check the posts every second day to keep up with your questions or statements.

Happy study
Sophie

if in doubt... google it!

hey guys
i've just finished off my critiques and just to gain another (often less technical) opinion on the different photography terminology, i googled them. they have great basic, easy to understand info and pics of things like depth of field etc. compared with some of the scientific articles outlined in our reference list, these are much easier to understand.
i was speaking with a BDS 4 student at somerton today and she said clinical photography is an elective topic in 4th year. many dental students don't get the oppurtunity to do this component as they have a lot of other aspects to focus on. we are very lucky we have been given clinical photography as an aspect of CP and im sure everyone agrees, looking at the final products of our pictures, we're all proud of the pictures we've produced.
xx amy

practice makes perfect!

I agree Amy. When I began writing my critique I was being so pedantic about if my photos were of high enough quality and someone made a comment that one set has to be perfect but then I realised that it's not about the quality of the photos but the depth and understanding of your critique. Obviously your good set of photos has to of a relatively good standard but not every photo has to be exactly accurate or else you will have nothing to write about in your critique and there will be no room to formulate improvement strategies. I think it's like everything in this course, as long as you can identify where you went wrong and create some good strategies that will prevent you from repeating your mistakes and as long as your ideas and thoughts illustrate logical thinking then you will get a good grade. Intra-oral photography is a difficult skill to master and at this stage we are still learning the basics and are expected to make some mistakes, with experience and continual practice we will all refine our skills. I think photography can play a vital tool in dentistry and I think it is an extremely valuable part of the course.

Anyway keep practicing, Rachel : )

photography

hey guys,
i think we all may be stressing about the critiquing assignment a little too much! the example assignment sophie put up on myuni was really short and simple and got 80%, we need to chill out.
i printed my pics the other day and theyre not all that great but sophie said its more about how we critique them rather than how great they are.
the most important thing i found with the mirror shots is that the overhead light needs to be placed in the perfect position otherwise u get shaddows all over the image. i had Dr simon lew - the fill in dentist at somerton - helping me and he was even struggling, saying intraoral photography is very difficult...
nearly there guys, 2 weeks to go............
xo Amy

critique writing

Hi all,

Over the last couple of weeks I've had several people come up to me and ask what standardisation of image production and depth of field means. Prior to writing my critique I spent an afternoon researching and reading several papers about how to critique dental photographs. Many of the useful references are available in the dental imaging booklet. By doing this a gained a better understanding about these different aspects (standardisation of image production and depth of field) which ultimately allowed me to critique my photographs more precisely. I think by initially learning about how to critique before jumping into trying to critique the photos is a valuble exercise and will make your critique writing much easier.
Hope this helps, Rach.

photography assignment

Hi all,

I was having a conersation with a few people the other day in regards to the approach that different people are using when taking photographs. Some people were suggesting that it is a good idea to take ten or so shots of the same view but from slightly different angles and positions in hope that one of the many will turn out perfectly. I feel that a far more professional appraoch is to spend your time creating a stable stance, a good angle and the correct focus and then take one or perhaps two high quality shots. I have tried both techniques and in my experience I think that you seem to get a higher quality picture if you just take your time and focus on getting a good photo rather than shooting away and hoping for the best. Anyway in both circumstances the objective is the same, to get a good photo and at the end of the day it doesn't matter how you achieve it.

Say Cheese! Pt 6 (Photography Reflection)

Hello all.

I have submitted my photography assignment now but I can still think of a few things to say (lucky you eh?)

Firstly, Luke raised a good point in his recent comment. It is important to take care of your patient while taking dental photographs. It is all too easy to get absorbed in the process of setting up the perfect shot and forget that you are photographing an actual person, who probably has no idea what is going on!

My photography group has critiqued each other’s ‘bedside manner’ during our various sessions. We have found that it is a good idea to keep talking to the patient while the photos are being taken. This shows to the patient that the operator has not forgotten about them. Saying things like “I know this probably isn’t very comfortable for you” and “I appreciate you putting up with this” shows that the operator is thinking about the patient’s comfort and is trying to avoid unnecessary discomfort.

The operator may also explain the photography process to a curious patient. If the patient understands why they need to have a large mirror put in their mouth, they may be more likely to tolerate it.

Like Luke mentioned, it can also be a good idea to say how many more photos you plan to take before the patient can rest, and count down these photos as you take them. It is obvious that during dental photography the patient is taken out of their comfort zone. By giving the patient a better idea of how much longer they need to stay in position can prevent unnecessary anxiety. It may even encourage the patient to put up with the discomfort a little longer to complete the countdown.

Finally, allow the patient to have a break if/when they require one. Establish how the patient is feeling and ask for their permission before continuing. If the patient is interested, the operator may even decide to show the patient some of the photographs on the camera’s screen. Making the patient feel more in control of the situation may reduce their anxiety and increase their level of cooperation.

Thanks. As always I hope this helps!
Nick

Say Cheese! Pt 5 (Photography Reflection)

Hello all.

In Semester 2A I managed to organise two photo sessions with patients, each with a different patient. I chose these patients because they were both smokers, meaning that I could also use these images in my TUPAC assignment. One of the patients would be inappropriate to use in my photography portfolio as they have lost most of their posterior teeth. Fortunately, the other patient has all of their teeth.

In the soft tissue examination of one of these patients I identified some hyperkeratinised areas that the dentist classified as ‘smokers stomatitis’. As well as monitoring any changes over our appointments, I may also be able to take some follow-up photographs of these soft tissue lesions for comparison with the ones I have already taken. If I manage to take them with accurate reproduction I should be able to identify even minor changes that may have occurred in these tissues.

I took the photos of the patient with a complete dentition early in the semester. When it came to taking the lateral shots I mentioned to my patient that they could be taken with mirrors or by retraction and direct vision (oblique lateral view as mentioned in Bengel, Wolfgang (2002 p.69)). The patient preferred the idea of using retraction, so that is how I ended up taking those photos. Although these photos turned out okay, the use of mirrors would have provided a better angled and better composed shot. In hindsight it would have been better to see if the patient could tolerate the buccal mirrors before mentioning and resorting to an oblique lateral view. I considered re-taking the photos in another appointment; however, as not all photos in the portfolio need to be perfect, I decided my patient’s time would be better spent receiving treatment.

It was a challenge to take some of the photos of the patient with partial edentulism, but my goal was to photograph the teeth present without causing patient discomfort.

Overall I am fairly happy with the quality of the photographs I took of my patients. There are aspects that I would do differently if I was to take them again, but that is what the self evaluation is for!

Nick

Say Cheese! Pt 4 (Photography Reflection)

Hello all.

The following is a list of steps for taking intra-oral photos that I have subconsciously developed over my last few sessions. It’s pretty obvious but I’ll post it here in case it helps anyone.

1. Choose a type of photograph you want to take and refer to the related images in the Bengel Wolfgang texts (available on MyUni) to clarify how the photo should look.
2. Set the patient in position and apply any mirrors and retractors required.
3. Stand in the ideal position, point the camera at the patient’s mouth and adjust the focus until you can see clearly (the focus does not have to be exact at this point).
4. Use the crosshair in the viewfinder to centre to view on the area recommended in the texts (e.g. for frontal view: the contact point of the upper central incisors).
5. Keeping the view centered, move the camera towards or away from the patient until the borders of the image match what is recommended in the texts (e.g. for frontal view: the lateral borders are the vestibulum oris beside the last molars).
6. Now that the view shows all the required features, check that the orientation is correct (e.g. for frontal view: the horizontal plane of the photo should be parallel to the occlusal plane).
7. Finally, keeping the camera steady, adjust the focus until the depth of field is centered on the point recommended in the texts (e.g. for frontal view: the canine / first premolar)
8. Take a short burst of photographs.
9. Check the last image on the camera’s screen for any errors and adjust accordingly.
10. Keep trying until a good quality photograph is taken.

Let me know if this helps anyone!

I have noticed that the extent of horizontal angulation achievable in buccal mirror shots can differ from person to person, depending on the size of the mouth and the flexibility of their lips.
I have also remembered another tip. This was suggested to me and Jasmina by our photography assignment interviewee. To prevent the mirrors from fogging up in the patient’s mouth, put them in a bowl of hot water a few minutes before use. We have used this in our own photography sessions and it works quite well. Give it a try!

Nick

Say Cheese! Pt 3 (Photography Reflection)

Hello all.

Thanks for the depth of field information Sophie; I was a bit confused myself. Reading the Wikipedia article made my head swim! But am I right in thinking the following?

• The larger the depth of field, the more of the image in front of and behind the focus point is also in focus. Therefore, for intra oral shots the larger the depth of field the better.
• The depth of field can be increased by increasing the lens f-number (a setting on the lens). Therefore for intra oral shots we should set the lens f-number to the largest value available on the lens.
• The ‘aperture’ is the diameter of the opening that allows light into the lens. The aperture is decreased by increasing the f-number. Therefore the smaller the aperture the better the depth of field.
• A macro lens is used for intra oral photography because it is ideal for close up shots. However, macro lenses have a long focal length. A lens with a shorter focal length will give a greater depth of field.
• The closer the camera is to the subject, the smaller the depth of field. Therefore, to increase the depth of field the camera should be positioned further away from the subject.

Are these correct?

I also wanted to clarify what is meant by the term ‘focus point’ on the self assessment table. Is the focus point what the camera is aimed at (i.e. the object in the middle of the photo), or is it the centre of the depth of field (i.e. the least blurry depth of the photo)?

Thanks. I hope this all makes sense!
Nick

Taking burst shots

I have taken the advice of other students and taken a burst of photo's instead of just taking one. When I printed out the photo's I noticed something... all the photo's I took in succession were exactly the SAME! Maybe slight differences, but I didn't have 3-4 different photos of the same area. 

Here is my advice, instead of taking multiple photos one after another (which will all probably turn out the same because you don't really adjust much), just relax and take a good photo. Take multiple photos, but make sure you adjust the focus or positioning because if you don't and the first photo is shit, the other 3 probably will be too...

Just my thoughts

Acacsia  

Depth of Field

I have received a few comments on DOF re: what is it?  and how should you comment on it in your critique. In your Dental Imaging Guide, there are questions which guide you through an understanding of the Depth of Field accompanied by references that will help you find your answers. 

I have attached a few links to resources that may help you.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field

From the following article:

http://www.dentistry.co.uk/articles/articles_detail.php?id=396

"The macro lens you use should have a small aperture to maximise the depth of field. An aperture or f-stop of 32 is ideal for dental photography because many shots require a significant depth of field.

Depth of field: This is the ability of the areas in front of and behind the main subject to field remain in focus. Three things effect the depth of field: focal length of the lens, aperture and distance from the subject. A larger aperture (f-stop number) will render a shallower depth of field. A longer focal-length lens will also give a narrower depth of field. Finally, the closer the camera is to a subject the narrower the depth of field will be."

If you are panicking that you have not taken any valuable images and you dont want to inconvenience your patients any more, just take a moment to reflect on the aperture settings etc.. and take a few more on one of your colleagues so that you dont end up thinking you are "bad" at taking dental photos. It is important to build your confidence up. Grab a colleague who is confident at taking photos and have one more go at it.

Sophie  

 

Say Cheese! Pt 2 (Photography Reflection)

Hello all.

Apologies for my recent lack of posts, I FINALLY managed to get my blogspot account working again (something about needing to reset my Google Account??)

Anyway, since my last post, Luke, Jen Cao, Jasmina and I have had a few more sessions taking dental photographs on each other. Our photo-taking procedures have definitely improved in accuracy and efficiency since our first photography sessions in first semester. Working as a group we have become far more confident in our positioning of ourselves, the camera, the patient and any mirrors used. Furthermore, our knowledge of what camera settings and flash devices to use for each particular photo type has become second nature.

At one point a large percentage of the photos I was taking were coming out wrong (see below)

instead of













At first I thought it was an error with the exposure time (hence the burring) or that I was pressing the button wrong. Then we realised the flash was not functioning properly and we tracked down some more AA batteries for it. It worked fine after that. So if you guys get the same problem you know what to do!

The following are some techniques and lessons I have learnt to make taking photographs easier:

• Take the photos as a series of ‘bursts’. Take a small number of photos in quick succession. That way, if the patient blinks or moves momentarily, you should still have other usable photos without having to set up the shot all over again.
• Don’t forget to check the camera’s screen every now and then. Your last photo should pop up on the screen just after you take it. Take a quick look every now and then because the actual photo can sometimes look quite different to what you see in the viewfinder. This saves you from taking a stream of photos with a common flaw (such as a flash or exposure time error).
• Also, once you are finished taking photos of that type, use this time to check through them all on the camera to be sure you have at least one that is usable. That way if you need to take any more, you don’t have to set everything up again.
• When taking extra-oral shots, the amount of shadow can be altered by the relationship in distance and angulation between the flash, patient and the wall behind.

I used to find on occasion that the horizontal framing of the subject in the camera's viewfinder was different to that in the resulting photograph. I predict that this may have been due to the horizontal angulation of the camera at the time. This could have meant that I was looking through the viewfinder on a slight angle, and therefore seeing a different composition to the lens. If you have this problem, try looking through the viewfinder from a more square-on angle. You could also try taking a sweep of the shot, where you line up the camera and take a series of photos moving slightly horizontally (e.g. left to right) each time.

Finally, I can not overemphasise the importance of the recommended texts provided for us to read through. These texts give information on every aspect of dental photo taking, and most importantly, provide examples of ideal dental photographs to assess yourself against and strive to match.

Thanks. Hope this helps.

Nick

to crop or not to crop....

hey guys
the criteria for the cinical photography assignment states we are not to submit edited pics - does this include flipping the lateral views taken in the mirror??
are we allowed to crop the pics to remove the outer edges??
i agree with u Acacsia - i had Dr Lew the dentist on board on fri help me take pics on my pt, very time consuming (A LOT longer than 10 mins!) and the pt found them quite uncomfortable as only 4 weeks ago her jaw was dislocated from having 4 x exos of her 8's... how's my timing!!
if anyone knows about the cropping let me know
xx Amy

Patient photo's

Hi all,

I finally took my photo's on a patient, and it was hard. My tutors told us (and Nick will be able to back me up on this) we had 10 minutes to take the entire series. Thats probably fine if you have a lot of experience, but I took the other photos on class mates back in the first term holidays! So I was rusty. I felt really pressured to take all the photos so I just rushed through them, I didn't even review them to see if the were OK. My strategy was to just take 2 or 3 one after the other with slight adjustments and hope for the best! I still haven't seen the the photos...

Did anyone else feel like this? I know its uncomfortable and the patient doesn't want to be sitting there for a whole hour, thats not fair. I just would have like a little more time...

Maybe I should have practice some more on students before I went to the patient.

Acacsia      

Say Cheese!

Hi all.
Luke, Jasmina, Jen and I took some extra-oral photographs of eachother last Friday for the assignment, so I though I should add a little self assessment here.

• We used the conference room at Somerton Park and used the projecting screen as the backdrop. The level of space and ambient light was good for making quality photographs and I recommend this space to others if it is available to them.
• I realised on the day that another important operator skill could be the ability to make people smile/laugh. Smile photographs appear much more natural when the patient is smiling comfortably. I guess they would also be more likely to be in their normal occlusion too.
• It might just be my cack-handedness but I found that on some occasions the framing of the subject in the camera's viewfinder was diferrent to that in the resulting photograph. I found that some photos I thought would turn out well ended up positioned too far left or right. Some other people experienced this problem too. I guess we just need to observe our photos on the camera's screen and adjust our aim accordingly, even if the viewfinder says we are cutting off part of the shot.

Thanks guys and see you on Monday!

Nick

Smile!

On Friday 9th May a couple colleagues and myself were fortunate enough to have an opportunity to take some intra and extra oral photos of each other. From this experience I have a couple of hints you may or may not wish to consider when you take some pics.

1/ Dont forget that extra oral pics are taken with the camera rotated 90 degrees. The result being much more appealing pictures having less wasted space surrounding the person.

2/ When exposing pics, I found taking 3 - 5 pics sequentially (reasonably quickly one after the other of the same view) a very good strategy. This usually ensured that one of the pics was of an ideal quality and executed with minimal time wastage (taking one photo, having a look, realising it was not ideal, and then refocusing and retaking can be alot more time consuming and uncomfortable for the pt). Besides, there is ample room on your memory card and the unusable photos can be deleted later.

3/ No i think that was it! I hope my hints may somewhat help. So on that note, good luck and have fun!

Photography assignment

Hey guys,

Im doing the photography assignment and am having trouble finding references. I dont know how many people are doing the assignment, but any helpful websites or books/mags would be great. 

Cheers

Acacsia 

Hi Guys
Just letting everyone know we have book a table at Glenelg Fasta Pasta on Jetty Rd for tomorrow lunchtime! This would be a great chance for everyone to catch up after general studies and before clinic! The manager there has promised discount if enough of us go! he is going to throw in some free garlic breads as well!!! Hope you can make it!!!

minor and major aothous ulcers

Minor and major apthous ulcers

http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/23068855/

one more to help

Mouth Ulcers

Check out the followoing resources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_ulcer


http://besttreatments.bmj.com/btuk/conditions/1000431389.html


http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001448.htm

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic700.htm

Excellent site:

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1118165


http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Ulcer-oral-021016/Ulcer-oral-021016.doc

http://www.omnimedicalsearch.com/conditions-diseases/canker-sores.html

First Photography Blog

Hi Guys, thought i would reflect on my first photography attempt. I decided to take some photographs of one of my patients in week 4, the patient had heavy build up calculus and i wanted some before scaling and after shots which i thought my patient would benefit from seeing and thought i could use in my portfolio. I hadn't done the workshop so i had a quick demo with Soph before the patient came in. the photographs didn't rally turn out very well because I didn't use mirrors so was not able to get the distal of the 7s in, however i got some front on shots which were clear and focused. I have decided not to take anymore photos until i have had the workshop but overall thought it was a good first attempt and gave me some experience with the camera.
thanks Robyn

Keeping the Blog alive!

Hey everyone.

Here is a funny dental video to reward anyone who still uses the blog these days!

Link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJSlRyQfho4

P.S everyone check your emails for an invite to my birthday pubcrawl thing. If you can't find an invite you should have one so let me know!

Nick

Clinical Photography Blog

Hi All

For those of you who wish to avoid a written journal of reflection and enjoy sharing your learning experiences collaboratively, use this blog to share your photography learning issues. You can upload your photos (intraoral only to avoid identification of individuals) and share your pitfalls and improvement strategies. Last year students were also sharing the best manual settings they found for each different intra oral view. Use this blog as an alternative to an individual journal of reflection. Get your artistic juices flowing........

Have fun
Sophie

Salute to the new reps!

Congratulations to our new reps Chonny and Nikky! I'm sure you both will do an excellent job of representing our class! Thankyou in advance!

Hi everyone... WOO HOO... WE MADE IT! lol. now just one more year (if we get through this one haha)... congrats everyone!

that is all.

xoxo chonni

Second Year! WOO!

Hey guys! I figure I might as well start off the blog with a few photos! I did, however, not manage to figure it out properly.. or my patience got the better of me and i stopped them from uploading. So maybe some other time. Hope everyone has had a very enjoyable break and i look forward to seeing you all again!

xxx

Happy New Year

Hi Guys
just following on from what Soph has said, I am really looking forward to spending (even more) time with you all this year.
Soph and I jointly coordinate Clinical Practice II OH, which takes up most of the week - but we love it as much as we love Human Biology I.
Heard that Stu got into the BDS - congratulations and we will miss him. So there is now a vacancy for resident IT guru in the group!
Anyway I have to get back to planning CP II this year - making it EXTRA HARD!
See you all on 11/2
Cathy

Welcome BOHTWO 08s

Welcome to our new look BOHTWO 08 Blog look. We are at a more advanced level of blogging now, so I thought we needed a sophisticated look to reflect our maturity. BOHONE 07, will be archived shortly to make room for BOHONE 08. Second year presents with its own challenges and experiences, very different to first year. The main and obvious change is seeing patients every week and learning to apply theory to practice. So although this blog is used as a social page for you all, its important to also share your learning and clinical experiences with one another to really support the concept of peer group learning. I will be present in cyberspace with you to provide any guidance as necessary. If you prefer a to set up a discussion board on MyUni instead, please let me know.

Looking forwrad to seeing you all on the 11th February

Sophie ....